The Concept of Prenatal Life in the Medieval Islamic West

Schlagworte

?adiths Abu Bakr Ibn al-'Arabi Andalusia Abu Bakr Ibn al-‘Arabi Embryology Andalusien hermeneutics Embryologie Geschichte history Islamic theology Hermeneutik Islamic West Islam medicine Islamische Theologie middle ages Islamischer Westen Maghreb prenatal life Qa?i ’Iya? Medizin Qur'anic verses Mittelalter Pränatales Leben Qa?i ‘Iya? Qur'anische Verse

• Abū al-Fidā’, ‘Imād al-Dīn Ismā‘īl (n.d.), al-Mukhtaṣar fī tārīkh al-bashar, 4 vols., Cairo: al-Maṭba‘a al-Salafiyya.
• al-Adnah-wī, Aḥmad Muḥammad (1997), Ṭabaqāt al-mufassirīn, ed. by Sulaymān b. Ṣāliḥ al-Khazī, Medina: Maktabat al-‘Ulūm wa-l-Ḥikam.
• Aristotle (2019), Generation of Animals and History of Animals I, Trans. by Charles D. C. Reeve, Indiana: Hackett Publishing Company.
• al-‘Asqalānī, Aḥmad b. ‘Alī b. Ḥajar (1960), Fatḥ al-bārī, ed. by ‘Abd al-‘Azīz b. al-Bāz, 13 vols, Cairo: Dār al-Kutub al-Salafiyya.
• al-‘Aynī, Badr al-Dīn Maḥmūd b. Aḥmad (n.d.), ‘Umdat al-qāri’, 25 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
• al-Bājī, Abū al-Walīd Sulaymān (1999), al-Muntaqā sharḥ Muwaṭṭa’ Mālik, 9 vols., ed. by ‘Abd al-Qādir ‘Aṭā, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• al-Bayhaqī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn (2003), al-Sunan al-kubrā, ed. by ‘Abd al-Qādir ‘Aṭā, 10 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• al-Budlīsī, Ḥusām al-Dīn (2020), Tafsīr al-Budlīsī, ed. by ‘Āṣim al-Kayyālī and al-Shādhulī al-Darqāwī, vol.5, Beirut: Books-Publisher.
• al-Dāwūdī, Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ‘Alī (1983), Ṭabaqāt al-mufassirīn, 2 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• al-Ḍabbī (1989), Bughyat al-multamis fī tārīkh rijāl ahl al-Andalus, ed. by Ibrāhīm al-Abyārī, 2 vols., Cairo: Dār al-Kitāb al-Miṣrī.
• al-Dāraquṭnī, Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī b. ‘Umar b. Aḥmad (2004), Sunan al-Dāraquṭnī, ed. by Shu‘ayb al-Arna’ūṭ, 5 vols., Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Risāla.
• al-Dhahabī, Shams al-Dīn (1971), Tadhkirat al-ḥuffāẓ, ed. by Zakariyyāʼ ‘Umayrāt, 3 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• al-Dhahabī, Shams al-Dīn (1990), Tārīkh al-Islām, ed. by ‘Umar ‘Abd al-Salām Tadmurī, 52 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-‘Arabī.
• al-Dhahabī, Shams al-Dīn (1992), Siyar a‘lām al-nubalā’, ed. by Shu‘ayb al-Arna’ūṭ and Ḥusayn al-Asad, 31 vols., Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Risāla.
• al-Dīnawarī al-Mālikī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. Marwān (1998), al-Mujālasa wa-jawāhir al-‘ilm, ed. by Ibn Ḥasan Āl Salmān, 10 vols., Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm.
• al-Fāsī, ‘Alī b. ‘Abd Allāh b. Abī Zar‘ (1972), al-Anīs al-muṭrib bi-rawḍ al-qirṭās fī akhbār mulūk al-Maghrib wa tārīkh madinat Fās, Rabat: Dār al-Manṣūr.
• al-Ghassānī al-Jayyānī, Abū ‘Alī al-Ḥusayn (2000), Taqyīd al-muhmil wa-tamyīz al-mushkil, ed. by ‘Alī b. Muḥammad al-‘Umrān and Muḥammad Shams, Mekka: Dār ‘Ālam al-Fawā’id.
• al-Gharnāṭī, Abū Ḥāmid ‘Abd al-Raḥīm (1993), Tuḥfat al-albāb wa-nukhbat al-i‘jāb, ed. by Ismā‘īl al-‘Arabī, Casablanca : Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda.
• al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad (1996), Iḥyā’ ‘ulūm al-dīn, 4 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Ma‘rifa.
• al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad (1997), al-Wasīṭ fī-l-madhhab, ed.by Aḥmad Maḥmūd Ibrāhīm, Muḥammad Muḥammad Tāmir, 7 vols., Cairo: Dār al-Salām.
• al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad (1997), al-Wajīz fī fiqh al-imām al-Shāfi‘ī, ed. by ‘Alī Mu‘awwiḍ, ‘Ādil ‘Abd al-Mawjūd, 2 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Arqam.
• al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad (2012), Ajwibat al-Ghazālī ‘an as’ilat Ibn al-‘Arabī, ed. by Muḥammad ‘Abdū, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• Ḥājjī Khalīfa (1941), Kashf al- ẓunūn ‘an asāmī al-kutub wa-al-funūn, ed. by Muḥammad Sharaf Yāltaqāyā, 6 vols., Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī.
• al-Ḥamawī, Shihāb al-Dīn Yāqūt (1995), Mu‘jam al-buldān, 7 vols., Beirut: Dār Ṣādir.
• al-Ḥimyarī, Muḥammad b. ‘Abd al-Mun‘im (1980), al-Rawḍ al-mi‘ṭār fī khabar al-aqṭār, ed. by Iḥsān ‘Abbās, Beirut: Mu’assasat Nāṣir.
• Hippocrates (1817), Aphorisms of Hippocrates, ed. and trans. By Elias Marks, New York: Collins & Co.
• Hippocrates (1978), Hippocrates: on embryos, on the sperm and nature of the child: kitāb al-ajinna li-Buqrāṭ, ed. and trans. by Malcolm Lyons and John Mattock, Cambridge: Pembroke College.
• The Hippocratic treatises “On Generation” “On the Nature of the Child” “Diseases IV”, ed. and trans. by Iain M. Lonie, Berlin, New York: De Gruyter, 1981.
• al-Ḥulal al-mawshiyya fī dhikr al-akhbār al-marrākushiyya, ed. by Suhail Zakkār; ‘Abd al-Qādir Zamama, Casablanca: Dār al-Rashād, 1979.
• “al-Ḥulal al-mawshiyya” Crónica Árabe de las dinastías Almorávide, Almohade y Benimerín, trans. by Ambrosio Huici Miranda, Tetuan: Editora Marroquí, 1952.
• al-Ḥumaydī, Muḥammad b. Futūḥ b. ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad (2008), Jadhwat al-muqtabis fī tārīkh ‘ulamā’ al-Andalus, ed. by Bashshār ‘Awwād and Muḥammad ‘Awwād, Tunis: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī.
• al-Huwwārī, Hūd b. Muḥakkam (1990), Tafsīr kitāb Allāh al-‘azīz, ed. by Bi-l-Ḥājj b. Sa‘īd al-Sharīfī, Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī.
• Ibn al-Abbār, Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad (1995), Takmilat al-Ṣila, ed. by ‘Abd al-Salām al-Harrās, 4 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
• Ibn al-Abbār, Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad (2000), al-Mu‘jam fī aṣḥāb al-qāḍī al-Ṣadafī, Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīniyya.
• Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr, Yūsuf b. ‘Abd Allāh (1992), al-Kāfī fī fiqh ahl al-Madīna al-mālikī, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• Ibn ‘Abd al-Ḥakam, ‘Abd Allāh (1964), Futūḥ Ifrīqiya w-al-Andalus, ed. by Anīs Atabba, Beirut: Dar al-Kitāb al-Lubnānī.
• Ibn Abī Dīnār (1869), Kitāb al-mu’nis fī akhbār Ifrīqiya wa-Tūnis, Tunis: Maṭba‘at al-Dawla al-Tūnisiyya.
• Ibn Abī Ṭālib, Makkī (2008), al-Hidāya ilā bulūgh al-nihāya, Sharjah: The University of Sharjah.
• Ibn ‘Allān, Muḥammad ‘Alī (2004), Dalīl al-fāliḥīn li-ṭuruq riyāḍ al-ṣāliḥīn, 8 Vols., ed. by Khalīl Ma’mūn Shīḥā, Beirut: Dār al-Ṭibā‘a.
• bn Anas, Mālik (1994), Muwaṭṭa’ al-imām Mālik riwāyat Muḥammad Ibn al-Ḥasan al-Shaybānī, ed. by ‘Abd al-Wahāb ‘Abd al-Laṭīf, Cairo: Wazārat al-Awqāf.
• Ibn Anas, Mālik (1997), al-Muwaṭṭa’ li-imām dār al-hijra Mālik Ibn Anas riwāyat Yaḥyā Ibn Yaḥyā al-Laythī al-Andalusī, ed. by Bashshār ‘Awwād, 2 Vols., Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī.
• Ibn al-‘Arabī, Abū Bakr al-Ishbīlī (1984), al-‘Awāṣim min al-qawāṣim fī taḥqīq mawāqif al-ṣaḥāba, ed. by Muḥibb al-Dīn al-Khaṭīb, Cairo: Maktabat al-Sunna.
• Ibn al-‘Arabī, Abū Bakr al-Ishbīlī (1986), Qānūn al-ta’wīl, ed. by Muḥammad al-Sulaymānī, Jedda: Dār al-Qibla.
• Ibn al-‘Arabī, Abū Bakr al-Ishbīlī (1992), al-Nāsikh wa-l-mansūkh fī-l-qur’ān al-karīm, ed. by ‘Abd al-Kabīr al-‘Alawī al-Madagharī, Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīniyya.
• Ibn al-‘Arabī, Abū Bakr al-Ishbīlī (1992), Kitāb al-qabas fī sharḥ Muwaṭṭa’ Mālik Ibn Anas, ed. by Muḥammad ‘Abd Allāh Wuld Karīm, Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī.
• Ibn al-‘Arabī, Abū Bakr al-Ishbīlī (1996), Shawāhid al-jilla wa-l-a‘yān fī mashāhid al-islām wa-l-buldān, ed. by Muḥammad Ya‘lā, Madrid: CSIC.
• Ibn al-‘Arabī, Abū Bakr al-Ishbīlī (1984), al-‘Awāṣim min al-qawāṣim, ed. by ‘Ammār Ṭālibī, Cairo: Maktabat Dār al-Ṭurāth.
• Ibn al-‘Arabī, Abū Bakr al-Ishbīlī (1997), ‘Āriḍat al-aḥwadhī fī sharḥ al-Tirmidhī, ed. by Jamāl Mar‘ashlī, 14 vols, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• Ibn al-‘Arabī, Abū Bakr al-Ishbīlī (2003), Aḥkām al-qur’ān, ed. by Muḥammad ‘Abd al-Qādir ‘Aṭā, 4 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• Ibn al-‘Arabī, Abū Bakr al-Ishbīlī (2007), al-Masālik fī sharḥ Muwaṭṭa’ Mālik, 8 vols., ed. by Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn al-Sulaymānī and ‘Ā’isha b. al-Ḥusayn al-Sulaymānī, Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī.
• Ibn ‘Āshūr, Muḥammad al-Fāḍil (1998), al-Muḥāḍarāt al-maghribiyyāt, ed. by ‘Abd al-Karīm Muḥammad, Tunis: al- Dār al-Tūnisiyya li-l-Nashr.
• Ibn al-Athīr, Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī b. Muḥammad (1987), al-Kāmil fī-l-tārīkh, ed. by Abū al-Fidā’ al-Qāḍī, 11 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• Ibn ‘Aṭiyya al-Andalusī (2002), al-Muḥarrir al-wajīz fī tafsīr al-kitāb al-‘azīz, ed. by ‘Abd al-Salām ‘Abd al-Shāfi’ī, 6 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• Ibn Bashkuwāl, Khalaf b. ‘Abd al-Malik al-Andalusī (2010), al-Ṣila fī tārīkh a’immat al-andalus wa-‘ulamā’ihim wa-muḥaddithīhim wa-fuqahā’ihim wa-udabā’ihim, ed. by Bashshār ‘Awwād, 2 vols., Tunis: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī.
• Ibn al-Bayṭār, Ḍiyāʼ al-Dīn (1992), al-Jāmi‘ li-mufradāt al-adwiya, 4 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• Ibn al-Faraḍī, Abū al-Walīd ‘Abd Allāh (2008), Tārīkh ‘ulamā’ al-andalus, ed. by Bashshār ‘Awwād Ma’rūf, 2 vols., Tunis: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī.
• Ibn Farḥūn, Ibrāhīm b. ‘Alī b. Muḥammad (1972), al-Dībāj al-mudhhab fī ma‘rifat ‘ulamā’ al-madhhab, ed. by Muḥammad al-Aḥmadī Abū al-Nūr, 2 vols., Cairo: Dār al-Turāth.
• Ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad (2001), Musnad al-imām Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal, ed. by Shu‘ayb al-Arna’ūṭ, ‘Ādil Murshid and others, 50 vols., Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Risāla.
• Ibn Ḥawqal, Muḥammad Abū al-Qāsim (1873), Kitāb al-masālik wa-l-mamālik, ed. by M.J. de Goeje, Leiden: E.J. Brill.
• Ibn Ḥawqal, Muḥammad Abū al-Qāsim (1992), Ṣūrat al-arḍ, Beirut: Dār al-Ḥayāt.
• Ibn Ḥazm, Abū Muḥammad ‘Alī b. Aḥmad b. Saʿīd (1998), Kitāb marātib al-ijmā‘ fī-l-‘ibādāt wa-l-mu‘āmalāt wa-l-i’tiqādāt, ed. by Ḥasan Aḥmad Asbar, Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm.
• Ibn Ḥazm, Abū Muḥammad ‘Alī b. Aḥmad b. Saʿīd (2003), al-Muḥallā bi-l-āthār, ed. by ‘Abd al-Ghaffār Sulaymān al-Bandārī, 12 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• Ibn ‘Idhārī, Abū al-‘Abbās Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Marrākushi (2013), al-Bayān al-mughrib, ed. by Bashshār ‘Awwād, 4 vols., Tunis: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī.
• Ibn al-Jawzī, Jamāl al-Dīn (2001), Zād al-maṣīr fī ‘ilm al-tafsīr, ed. by ‘Abd al-Razzāq al-Mahdī, Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-‘Arabī.
• Ibn Juzayy, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Kalbī (2013), al-Qawānīn al-fiqhiyya fī talkhīṣ madhhab al-mālikiyya wa-l-tanbīh ‘alā madhhab al-shāfiʿiyya wa-l-ḥanafiyya wa-l-ḥanbaliyya, ed. by Mājid al-Ḥamawī, Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm.
• Ibn Kathīr, Ismā‘īl Abū al-Fidā (1998), Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr, ed. by Muḥammad Ḥusayn Shams al-Dīn, 9 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• Ibn Kathīr, Ismā‘īl Abū al-Fidā (2003), Kitāb al-Bidāya wa-l-nihāya, 21 vols., ed. by ‘Abd Allāh b. Muḥsin al-Turkī, Cairo: Dār Hajar.
• Ibn Khalfūn, Muḥammad b. Ismā‘īl (2000), al-Muʿlim bi-tārīkh al-Bukhārī wa-Muslim, ed. by Abū ‘Abd al-Raḥmān ‘Ādil b. Sa‘d, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• Ibn Khaldūn, ‘Abd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad (1958), The Muqaddimah, trans. by Franz Rosenthal, 3 vols., New York: Pantheon Books.
• Ibn Khaldūn, ‘Abd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad (2000), Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn Kitāb al-‘ibar wa-dīwān al-mubtada’ wa-l-khabar, 8 vols., ed. by Khalīl Shaḥāta and Suhayl Zakkār, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
• Ibn Khallikān, Abū al-‘Abbās Aḥmad (1978), Wafayāt al-a‘yān wa-anbā’ abnā’ al-zamān, ed. by Iḥsān ‘Abbās, 8 vols., Beirut: Dār Ṣādir.
• Ibn Khāqān, Abū al-Naṣr al-Fatḥ (1989), Qalā’id al-‘iqyān wa-maḥāsin al-a‘yān, ed. by Ḥusayn Yūsuf Kharbūsh, Zarqa: Maktabat al-Manār.
• Ibn al-Khaṭīb, Lisān al-Dīn (1898), Raqm al-ḥulal fī naẓm al-duwal, Tunis: al-Maṭba‘a al-‘Umūmiyya.
• Ibn Khayr, Abū Bakr Muḥammad al-Ishbīlī (1998), Fihrist Ibn Khayr al-Ishbīlī, ed. by Muḥammad Fu’ād Manṣūr, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram b. ‘Alī b. Aḥmad (1994), Lisān al-‘Arab, 15 vols., Beirut: Dār Ṣādir.
• Ibn al-Mulaqqin, Sirāj al-Dīn (2004), al-Badr al-munīr fī takhrīj al-aḥādīth wa-l-āthār al-wāqi‘a fī al-Sharḥ al-kabīr, ed. by Muṣṭafā Abū al-Ghīṭ, ‘Abd Allāh b. Sulaymān and Yāsir b. Kamāl, 9 vols., Riyadh: Dār al-Hijra.
• Ibn Nāṣir al-Dīn, Muḥammad b. ‘Abd Allāh al-Qaysī (2001), Rasā’il li-l-ḥāfiẓ Ibn Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Dimashqī, ed. by Mish’al al-Maṭīrī, Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm.
• Ibn al-Najjār, Muḥibb al-Dīn al-Baghdādī (n.d.), Dhayl tārīkh Baghdād, 5 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-‘Arabī.
• Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, Shams al-Dīn (2010), Tuḥfat al-mawdūd bi-aḥkām al-mawlūd, ed. by ‘Uthmān b. Jum‘a Ḍamīriyya, Mecca: Dār ‘Ālim al-Fawā’id.
• Ibn al-Qaṭṭān al-Marrākushī, Ḥasan b. ‘Alī (1990), Nuẓum al-jumān li-tartīb mā salafa min akhbār al-zamān, ed. by Maḥmūd ‘Alī Makkī, Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī.
• Ibn Qudāma, Muwaffaq al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad (1968), al-Mughnī, 10 vols., Cairo: Maktabat al-Qāhira.
• Ibn Qutayba, Abū Muḥammad ‘Abd Allāh b. Muslim (n.d.), al-Ma‘ārif, ed. by Tharwat ‘Ukāsha, Beirut: Dār al-Ma‘ārif.
• Ibn Rajab, Zayn al-Dīn al-Ḥanbalī (2001), Kitāb Jāmi‘ al-‘ulūm wa-l-ḥikam fī sharḥ khamsīn ḥadīth min jawāmi‘ al-kalim, ed. by Shu‘ayb al-Arna’ūṭ, 2 vols., Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Risāla.
• Ibn Ṣāḥib al-Ṣalāt, ‘Abd al-Malik (1987), al-Mann bi-l-imāma, ed. by ‘Abd al-Hādī al-Tāzī, Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī.
• Ibn Sa‘īd al-Qurṭubī, ‘Arīb (1983), El libro de la generación del feto, el tratamiento de las mujeres embarazadas y de los recién nacidos (Tratado de obstetricia y pediatría del siglo X), trans. by Antonio Arjona Castro, Cordoba [Pons], Cordoba: Excma. Diputación Provincial
• Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ, Abū ‘Amr ‘Uthmān b. ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-Kurdī (1984), Ṣiyānat Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, ed. by Muwaffaq b. ‘Abd Allāh b. ‘Abd al-Qādir, Tunis: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī.
• Ibn al-Shāṭ al-Bijā’ī (2014), Mawsū‘at al-‘ulamā’ wa-l-udabā’ al-jazā’iriyyīn, 2 vols., Algiers: Manshūrāt al-Ḥaḍāra,
• Ibn Taymiyya, Taqī al-Dīn (1991), Dar’ ta‘āruḍ al-‘aql wa-l-naql, ed. by Muḥammad Rashād Sālim, 11 vols, Riyadh: Jāmi‘at al-Imām Muḥammad b. Su‘ūd.
• Ibn Ṭumlūs, Yūsuf b. Aḥmad (1916), al-Madkhal li-ṣinā‘at al-manṭiq. Introducción al arte de la lógica por Abentomlús de Alcira, ed. and trans. by Miguel Asín Palacios, Madrid: Centro de Estudios Históricos.
• Ibn Ya‘īsh, Ya‘īsh b. ‘Alī (2001), Sharḥ al-mufaṣṣal li-l-Zamakhsharī, 6 vols., ed. by Emil Badī‘ Ya‘qūb, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• al-Idrīsī, Abū Abd Allāh Muḥammad (2002), Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī ikhtirāq al-āfāq, Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīniyya.
• ‘Illīsh, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (n.d.), Fatḥ al-‘alī al-mālik fī-l-fatwā ‘alā madhhab al-imām Mālik, 2 Vols., Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
• ‘Illīsh, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (1989), Manḥ al-jalīl sharḥ Mukhtaṣar Khalīl, 9 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
• al-Irbilī, Ibn al-Mustawfī, al-Mubārak b. Aḥmad, (2010), Tārīkh Irbil, ed. by Muḥammad ‘Uthmān, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• ‘Iyāḍ, Muḥammad (n.d.), al-Ta‘rīf bi-l-Qāḍī ‘Iyāḍ, ed. by Muḥammad ben Cherīfa, Wizārat al-Awqāf wa-l-Shu’ūn al-Islāmiyya wa-l-Thaqāfiyya.
• ‘Iyāḍ, Qāḍī Abū al-Faḍl b. Mūsā al-Yaḥṣubī (1982), al-Ghunya, ed. by Māhir Zuhayr Jarrār, Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī.
• ‘Iyāḍ, Qāḍī Abū al-Faḍl b. Mūsā al-Yaḥṣubī (1983), Tartīb al-madārik wa-taqrīb al-masālik li-ma‘rifat a‘lām madhhab Mālik, 8 vols., n.p.: Wizārat al-Awqāf wa-l-Shu’ūn al-Islāmiyya.
• ‘Iyāḍ, Qāḍī Abū al-Faḍl b. Mūsā al-Yaḥṣubī (1998), Ikmāl al-Mu‘lim fi sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, ed. by Yaḥyā Ismā‘īl (ed.), 9 vols., al-Mansura: Dār al-Wafā’.
• al-Jaṣṣāṣ, Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. ‘Alī (1992), Aḥkām al-qur’ān, ed. by Muḥammad Ṣādiq Qamḥāwī, 5 vols., Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī.
• Al-Jurjānī, ‘Alī b. Muḥammad (2012), Mu‘jam al-ta‘rīfāt, ed. by Muḥammad Ṣiddīq al-Minshāwī, Cairo: Dār al-Faḍīla.
• Kanūn, Muḥammad b. al-Madanī (1889), Ḥāshiyat al-Imām al-Rahūnī ‘alā sharḥ al-Zurqānī li-Mukhtaṣar Khalīl wa-bi-hāmishihā ḥāshiyat Kanūn, 8 Vols., Cairo: al-Maṭba‘a al-Amīriyya.
• al-Kāsānī, ‘Alā’ al-Dīn Abū Bakr b. Mas‘ūd (1986), Badā’i‘ al-ṣanā’i‘ fī tartīb al-sharā’i‘, 7 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• al-Kattānī al-Fāsī, (n.d.), Niẓām al-ḥukūma al-nabawiyya, ed. by ‘Abd Allāh al-Khālidī, Beirut: Dār al-Arqam.
• al-Kiyā al-Harrāsī, Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Imād al-Dīn (1983), Aḥkām al-qur’ān, 4 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• al-Majūsī, ‘Alī Ibn ‘Abbās (1972), Kāmil al-ṣinā‘a al-ṭibiyya, trans. by Sayyid Muḥammad Khālid Ghafārī, Vol. 1, Tehran: Mu’assasat Muṭala‘āt Islāmī Danshakāh Mk Kayal.
• al-Maqqarī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (1968), Nafḥ al-ṭīb min ghuṣn al-Andalus al-raṭīb, ed. by Iḥsān ‘Abbās, 8 vols., Beirut: Dār Ṣādir.
• al-Maqqarī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (1939), Azhār al-riyāḍ fī akhbār ‘Iyāḍ, ed. by Musṭafā al-Saqqā; Ibrāhīm al-Abyārī; ‘Abd al-Ḥafīẓ Shalabī, 5 vols., Cairo: Maṭba‘at Lajnat al-Ta’līf wa-l-Tarjama wa-l-Nashr.
• al-Marrākushī, ‘Abd al-Wāḥid (1949), al-Mu‘jib fī talkhīṣ akhbār al-Maghrib, ed. by Muḥammad Sa‘īd al-‘Iryān and Muḥammad al-‘Arabī al-‘Ilmī, Cairo: Maṭba‘at al-Istiqāma.
• al-Marūzī, Isḥāq b. Manṣūr (2004), Masāʾil al-imām Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal wa- Isḥāq b. Rāhwayh, Vol. 4, ed. by ‘Abd Allāh al-Sahīlī, Medina: al-Jāmi‘a al-Islāmiyya.
• al-Māwardī, ‘Alī Ibn Muḥammad b. Ḥabīb (1994), al-Ḥāwī al-kabīr fī fiqh al-imām al-Shāfi‘ī, 18 vols., ed. by ‘Alī Mu‘awwaḍ and ‘Ādil ‘Abd al-Mawjūd, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• al-Māzarī, Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad b. ‘Alī al-Tamīmī (1988), Al-Mu‘lim bi-fawā’id Muslim, ed. by Muḥammad al-Shādhilī al-Nayfar, 3 vols., Tunis: Bayt al-Ḥikma.
• al-Māzarī, Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad b. ‘Alī al-Tamīmī (1997), Sharḥ al-talqīn, ed. by Muḥammad Mukhtār al-Sallāmī, 3 vols., Tunis: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī.
• al-Mundhirī, Zakī al-Dīn al-Dimashqī (1987), Mukhtaṣar Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, ed. by Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Albānī, Damascus: al-Maktab al-Islāmī.
• al-Nawawī, Muḥyī al-Dīn b. Sharaf (n.d.), al-Majmū‘ fī sharḥ al-madhhab, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
• al-Nawawī, Muḥyī al-Dīn b. Sharaf (1972), al-Minhāj fī sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim Ibn al-Ḥajjāj sharḥ al-Nawawī ‘alā Muslim, 18 vols., Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī.
• al-Nubāhī, Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī b. ‘Abd Allāh (1983), Tārīkh quḍāt al-andalus al-marqaba al-‘ulyā fī-man yastaḥiqq al-qaḍā’ wa-l-futyā, ed. by Lajnat iḥyā’ al-turāth al-‘arabī, Beirut: Bayt al-Afāq al-Jadīda.
• Pasha, Ismā‘īl al-Baghdādī (1951), Hadiyat al-‘ārifīn, asmā’ al-mu’allifīn wa-āthār al-muṣannifīn, 2 vols., Istanbul: Mu’assasat al-Tārīkh al-‘Arabī.
• al-Qarāfī, Shihāb al-Dīn (2016), al-Dhakhīra fī furū‘ al-Mālikiyya, 11 vols., ed. by Aḥmad ‘Abd al-Raḥmān, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• al-Qasṭallānī, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Khaṭīb (1905), Irshād al-sārī li-sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, 10 vols., Cairo: al-Maṭba‘a al-Amīriyya.
• al-Qazwīnī, Zakariyā’ (1848), ‘Ajā’ib al-makhlūqāt wa-gharā’ib al-mawjūdāt, ed. by Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, Göttingen: Druck und Verlag der Dieterichschen Buchhandlung.
• al-Qifṭī, ‘Alī b. Yūnus (1986), Inbāh al-ruwāt ‘alā anbā’ al-nuḥāt, ed. by. Muḥammad Abū al-Faḍl Ibrāhīm, Cairo: Dār al-Fikr al-‘Arabī.
• al-Qurṭubī, Abū l-‘Abbās Aḥmad b. ‘Umar b. Ibrāhīm (1996), al-Mufhim li-mā ashkala min talkhīṣ kitāb Muslim, 7 vols., Damascus: Dār Ibn Kathīr.
• al-Qurṭubī, Abū ‘Abd Allāh (2006), al-Jāmi‘ li-aḥkām al-qur’ān, 24 vols. ed. by ‘Abd Allāh b. ‘Abd al-Muḥsin al-Turkī, Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Risāla.
• al-Rahūnī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Yūsuf (1978), Ḥāshiyat al-imām al-Rahūnī ‘alā sharḥ al-Zurqānī li-mukhtaṣar Khalīl, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr
• al-Rāzī, Tamām b. Muḥammad b. ‘Abd Allāh (n.d.), Fawā’id Tamām al-Rāzī, http://hadith.islam-db.com/books/608/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF-%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A accessed 1 July 2020.
• al-Ru‘aynī, Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī b. Muḥammad al-Ishbīlī (1962), Barnāmaj shuyūkh al-Ru‘aynī, ed. by Ibrāhīm Shabbūḥ, Damascus: Maṭbū‘āt Mudīriyyat ‘Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-qadīm.
• Saḥnūn, Abū Saʿīd ʿAbd al-Salām b. Saʿīd b. Ḥabīb b. Ḥassān b. Hilāl b. Bakkār b. Rabīʿa al-Tanūkhī (1994), al-Mudawwana al-kubrā li'l-Imām Mālik, allatī rawāhā al-Imām Saḥnūn b. Saʿīd al-Tanūkhī ʿan al-Imām ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Qāsim, 4 Vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al- ʿIlmiyya.
• al-Sallāmī, al-‘Abbās b. Ibrāhīm (1998), al-I‘lām bi-man ḥalla bi-Marrākush wa-Aghmāt min al-a‘lām, ed. by ‘Abd al-Wahhāb b. Manṣūr, 10 vols., Rabat: al-Maṭba‘a al-Malakiyya.
• al-Sallāwī, Shihāb al-Dīn al-Naṣirī (1997), al-Istiqṣā li akhbār duwal al-Maghrib al-aqṣā, ed. by Ja‘far and Muḥammad al-Naṣirī, 9 vols., Casablanca: Dār al-Kitāb.
• al-Sam‘ānī, ‘Abd al-Karīm Abū Sa‘d (1988), al-Ansāb, 5 vols., ed. by ‘Umar al-Bārūdī, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
• al-Samlālī, al-‘Abbās b. Ibrāhīm (1993), al-I‘lām bi-man ḥalla bi-marrākish wa-aghmāt min al-a‘lām, 10 vols., ed. by ‘Abd al-Wahhāb b. Manṣūr, Rabat: al-Maṭba‘a al-Malakiyya.
• al-Sha‘rānī, ‘Abd al-Wahhāb (2005), al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā lawāqiḥ al-anwār al-qudsiyya fī manāqib al-‘ulamā’ wa-l-ṣūfiyya, 2 vols., ed. Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sāyiḥ and Tawfīq ‘Alī Wahba, Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīniyya.
• al-Subkī, Abū Naṣr Tāj al-Dīn (1964), al-Ṭabaqāt al-shāfi‘iyya al-kubrā, 10 vols., ed. by Maḥmūd Muḥammad al-Ṭanāḥī; ‘Abd al-Faṭṭāḥ al-Ḥuluw, Cairo: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Kutub al-‘Arabiyya.
• al-Sanūsī, Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad b Muḥammad (1910), Mukammil ikmāl al-ikmāl, 7 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn (1983), Ṭabaqāt al-ḥuffāẓ, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn (1988), al-Ḥabā’ik fī akhbār al-malā’ik, ed. by Muḥammad al-Sa‘īd Zaghlūl, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn (2013), Qūt al-mughtadhī ‘alā Jāmi‘ al-Tirmidhī, 4 vols., ed. by Muḥammad b. Riyādh al-Aḥmad, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• al-Ṭabarānī, Sulaymān b. Aḥmad (1994), al-Mu‘jam al-kabīr, 25 vols., ed. by Ḥamdī b. ‘Abd al-Majīd al-Salafī; Cairo: Maktabat Ibn Taymiyya.
• al-Ṭabarī, Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. Jarīr (2000), Jāmi‘ al-bayān fī ta’wīl al-qur’ān, 24 vols., ed. by Aḥmad Muḥammad Shākir, Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Risāla.
• al-Ṭaḥāwī, Abū Ja‘far Muḥammad (1994), Sharḥ mushkil al-āthār, ed. by Shu‘ayb al-Arna’ūṭ, 16 vols., Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Risāla.
• al-Ṭurṭūshī, Abū Bakr (1993), Kitāb al-ḥawādith wa-l-bida‘: el libro de las novedades y las innovaciones, ed. and trans. by Maribel Fierro, Madrid: CSIC.
• al-Ubbī, Muḥammad b. Khalafa; al-Sanūsī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. Yūsuf (1910), Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim wa-sharḥuhu al-musammā ikmāl ikmāl al-mu‘lim wa-sharḥuhu al-musammā mukammil ikmāl al-ikmāl, 7 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• al-Wāḥidī, ‘Alī b. Aḥmad (1994), al-Wasīṭ fī tafsīr al-qur’ān al-majīd, ed. by ‘Ādil ‘Abd al-Mawjūd, ‘Alī Mu‘awwiḍ, Aḥmad Ṣīra, Aḥmad al-Jamal, ‘Abd al-Raḥmān ‘Awīs, 4 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• al-Wansharīsī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā (1981), al-Mi‘yār al-mu‘rib wa-l-jāmi‘ al-mughrib ‘an fatāwī ahl Ifrīqiya wa-l-Andalus wa-l-Maghrib, 13 vols., ed. by Muḥammad Ḥajjī, Rabat: Wizārat al-Awqāf wa-l-shu’ūn al-Islāmiyya.
• al-Wazzānī, Abū ‘Īssā sīdī al-Mahdī (1997), al-Nawāzil al-jadīda al-kubrā, 8 vols., ed. by ‘Umar b. ‘Abbād, Rabat: Wizārat al-Awqāf wa-l-shu’ūn al-Islāmiyya.
• al-Wazzānī, Abū ‘Īsā sīdī al-Mahdī (2014), al-Nawāzil al-ṣughrā al-musammāt al-minaḥ al-sāmiya fī-l-nawāzil al-fiqhiyya, 4 vols., ed. by Muḥammad al-Sayyid, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
• al-Ya‘murī, Abū al-Fatḥ Muḥammad b. Sayyid al-Nās (1989), al-Nafḥ al-shadhiy fī sharḥ Jāmi‘ al-Tirmidhī, ed. by Aḥmad Ma‘bad ‘Abd al-Karīm, Riyadh: Dār al-‘Āṣima.
• al-Zarkashī, Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm b. Lu’lu’ (1872), Tārīkh al-dawlatayn al-Muwaḥḥidiyya wa-l-Ḥafṣiyya, Tunis: Maṭba‘at al-Dawla al-Tūnisiyya.
• al-Zuhrī, Muḥammad Abū Bakr (n.d.), Kitāb al-jughrāfiya, ed. by Muḥammad Ḥāj Ṣādiq, Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīniyya.
• al-Zarqānī, ‘Abd al-Bāqī (2002), Sharḥ al-Zarqānī ‘alā mukhtaṣar sīdī Khalīl wa-ma‘ah al-Fatḥ al-rabbānī fī-mā dhuhila ‘anhu al-Zarqānī, ed. by ‘Abd al-Salām Muḥammad Amīn, 8 vols., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.